The 25 of November has been declared by the UN the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. In 2025 this also marks the beginning of a 16-day activism campaign, titled UNiTE, combating digital violence and abuse against women. Marks of civic engagement have already sprung up around me on the morning of the 25th. Walking to the bus station, I noticed students from the nearby school hanging up pieces of paper bringing awareness to the problem of gendered violence with QR codes that take you to hilfetelefon.de.
Settling down into the bus I was forced to face a different reality: 57 women have been killed in Romania this year. Seven women were killed just in November, according to the Instagram page stop.femicidelor. Another independent journalist initiative, Snoop.ro gathered and compiled data, published under the Femicide Map 2025. One of their informational banner states that: “Every three days a man tries to kill a woman in Romania, with the crime also reaching the competent authorities”. Published in October 2025, the number of Femicides in Romania reached a total of 46. It saddens me to admit that, had this blog been published two weeks ago, the numbers would already be outdated. Women in Romania are, on a day-to-day basis, victims of threats, harassment, violence, sexual assault and murder. More often than not it is a result of their immediate close circle: family, partners and ex-partners.
Similar observations have been made in the case of Germany[1], as well as at a global level. Violence against women and femicides are an endemic problem in our society. The aim of this blog is not to compare the atrocities women experience in different countries, but rather to draw attention to the alarming prevalence of femicide in Romania today, highlighting how combating gender-based violence requires more than individual outrage. Structural change should go hand in hand with it.
As a preface, I wish to bring to attention, that all the following data pertains only to reported cases. The true scale of the phenomenon is difficult to estimate because it is such a widely underreported systemic issue.
What is gender-based violence and femicide?
According to the European Institute for Gender Equality, Gender Based Violence (GBV) refers to „any type of violence based on someone’s gender, from physical to emotional to financial to reproductive violence”. Although everybody can be a victim of GBV, it predominantly affects women. Thus, the intentional killing with a gender related motivation may be referred to as femicide or feminicide. Undoubtedly, it is the most extreme manifestation of violence against women, and it is a global problem.
The 2024 report from the UN Office on Drugs and Crime and UN Women shows that femicide is rising around the world with a woman being killed intentionally by partners and family members every 10 minutes. Despite this, UN Women notes how “gender-related killings and other forms of violence against women and girls are not inevitable”. The crux of the issues lies in the development of primary prevention mechanisms, changing social norms and supporting the victims.
Romania and the Istanbul Convention: Between Commitments and Shortfalls
At a regional level, protection against gender-based violence is codified within the Istanbul Convention (2011). It is based “on the understanding that violence against women is a form of gender-based violence that is committed against women because they are women”. Thus, the convention aims at strengthening a few core elements: prevention, protection, prosecution and integrated policies. More importantly, it contains monitoring mechanisms that ensure the further application and implementation of policies in States party to the treaty. Romania is one of these states, having it ratified the treaty with law nr. 30/2016.
Despite continuously developing its national legislation in the spirit of the convention[2], real implementation and data collection practices are lacking. This conclusion was reached by GREVIO (Group of Experts on Action against Violence against Women and Domestic Violence) within their 2022 report[3]. Commenting on it Băluță and Tufiș find it an effective mean of „understanding how the Romanian state does(not) deal with violence against women (12, Barometrul Violenței de Gen 2022)”.
If we look at the national level, illuminating data is collected, presented and interpreted in Gendered violence barometer. Violence against women in Romania: representations, perceptions [4]. Coordinated by an NGO (Centrul Filia[5]) the report represents the first national investigation which „analyzes stereotypes, perceptions and attitudes about violence against women within the meaning of the Istanbul Convention” (14, Barometrul Violenței de Gen 2022). Based on a series of interviews conducted with a random sample, the report looks at numerous aspects of the phenomenon of violence in Romania. Worthy of notice, in my opinion, is the section that looks at people’s perception of different forms of violence. Physical, verbal and sexual violence are much less tolerated in 2022, compared to 2003. Violent behavior is also perceived as being more grave.
And yet, the European Institute for Gender Equality’s data for 2023-2024 shows that there is a significant increase in the annual number of total victims of intimate partner violence (2014, 14.022 reported cases compared to 2022, 34.776 reported cases). Additionally, 49% of partnered women in Romania have experienced psychological, physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime. Often, this leads to cases of domestic violence: in 2022, women represented 76% of the total number of domestic violence victims. From the total number of intimate partner homicide, 77,64% of the victims were women. Looking at the any perpetrator homicide numbers, in 2022, 85 women were killed. While these numbers show the “extreme” cases, it is worthy to mention the high number of rape victims for the same year: 287.
When Systems Fail
In 2019 the killing of a 15 year old girl and the incompetence of „competent” authorities shook the country. Kidnapped, she managed to call 112, but the considerable delay from the police meant that by the time they arrived, Alexandra was already dead.
In the 6 years since then, there has been little change[6]. Although formal mechanisms, such as protection orders and electronic bracelets now exist, the authorities have been slow to implement them. Moreover, the authorities’ discourse is subtly trying to shift the blame towards the victims, instead of acknowledging their own shortcomings. In a recent case, a woman was killed by her former partner in front of one of their children and their village church. Shortly after the crime was committed, the head of the police, during his summary of events, mentioned repeatedly how the victim refused to have the aggressor monitored electronically. Similar declarations have been made previously by the police, underscoring how an already psychologically distressed victim is pushed to take such decisions, often at the cost of her own life. Action is only being taken when public opinion exerts pressure, such as in the form of multi-city protests.
Digital Violence: The New Frontline of Gendered Abuse
Until the 10th of December, the Day of International Human Rights, the UN aims to focus on a specific type of violence against women: digital abuse. In short, this refers to digital tools that are used to “stalk, harass and abuse women and girls”. One way this can happen is the spread of “hate speech and disinformation on social media platforms”. Specific examples of this are found in these Romanian cases.
In 2021, George Burcea, now a politician of the POT political party[7] posted on his social media how “he wishes that women had husbands who, as soon as they come home from work, start beating them. […] I wish this for you because it looks like you deserve this. Some women deserve this, bro”[8]. On 31 October this year, a 72-year-old woman was raped by two men and left out on an open field to die. Certain press outlets used their reporting of this tragic event to, probably, raise their engagement numbers. Thus, they circulated titles such as:
“The granny with the most lovers from Iași, has been raped and killed by two young men, her former partners. […] She always wanted something fresh”, bzi.ro.
“The granny with multiple lovers was killed on a field by her ex-partners […] She was known for her affairs with younger men. She really liked to…” (alluding to the woman’s sexual life), wowbiz.ro.
Centrul Filia and other feminist NGO’s have raised this problem publicly (“Aren’t you ashamed to write such texts about femicide victims?”–a callout by Centrul Filia on their Instagram page), asking the original posters to take down their “articles”.
GBV, domestic violence and femicide are, in my opinion, extreme manifestations of societal norms and standards centered around misogyny and patriarchy. Just these two examples barely touch the tip of the iceberg in terms of the conservative, misogynistic views that constitute the Romanian society and that directly impact the ways in which women perceive themselves. The society is deeply polarized on the matter of femicide, with popular platforms, such as Reddit, containing frequent discussions about the futility of the term and framing the situation in less gendered terms. This spins the narrative from a female perspective, unto a male dominated one, with arguments centering around the affirmation: “men also get killed”.
What does the future bring?
In October, Centrul Filia has submitted to the Parliament a project to elaborate a draft law which aims at introducing the term femicide into the Penal Code, alongside the creation and implementation of preventive and protective institutions. As a secondary goal, the legislative draft aims at reducing the number of victims and add the introduction of education about gender equality in schools. At a European legislator level, the term femicide is rare. So far, only four countries have taken this step: Malta (2022), Cyprus (2022), Croatia (2024) and, as of 26.11.2025, Italy. The passing of such a law in Romania would constitute an important step in fighting the phenomenon, but it cannot function without the authorities undertaking affective action. While protests are a powerful weapon for change (as exemplified in Serbia), mentalities are difficult to convert. When society chooses to romanticize domestic violence and abuse in the forms of crimes of passion, are we to wonder that this is day to day life, as a woman, in Romania? (@malinairima)
Sources:
[1] According to an infographic posted by Funk, the Bundeskriminalamt, in a recent report (Budeslagebild Häuslische Gewalt, 2024), posits that a woman is killed through her ex-partner, every three days in Germany (Alle drei Tage wird in Deutschland eine Frau durch ihren (Ex-)Partner getötet), https://www.instagram.com/p/DRe5JZHjpAI/?hl=en&img_index=1 .
[2] For a detailed summary of the legislation see this recent post by Centrul Filia: https://www.instagram.com/p/DReiMyiDJ0N/?hl=en&img_index=1 . To note are the following: 2000–incrimination of marital rape, 2002–incrimination of sexual harassment, 2003–law that prevents and combats violence within the family, 2018–introduction of the restraining order, 2021–law that introduces electronic bracelets for the monitoring of the aggressors in domestic violence cases (implemented in 2022, but only in four counties), 2024–law that introduces 16 as the consent age for sexual relations.
[3] The report, in English, can be found here: https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2074503/Final+report+on+Romania.pdf.
[4] In Romanian: Barometrul Violenței de gen 2022. Violența împotriva femeilor în Romania: reprezentări, percepții.
[5] The report, also in English, can be found here: https://centrulfilia.ro/barometrul-privind-violenta-de-gen-in-romania/.
[6] Gânj case: how the state became an accomplice to the murder/ Gânj case: how the state became an accomplice to the murder, at https://recorder.ro/explicativ-recorder-cazul-ganj-cum-a-devenit-statul-complice-la-crima/.
[7] In Romanian: Partidul Oamenilor Tineri. Trans. Party of the Young People.
[8] In Romanian: „Vă doresc să aveți bărbați care în momentul în care vin de la muncă să vă ia la palme. Cu mese, cu scaune, cu capace […]. Vă doresc capace în cap pentru că se pare că asta meritați, sincer. Unele femei asta merită, bro.” at https://www.instagram.com/p/DRFeCM0DOBQ/?hl=en&img_index=1.