ANDRRA
Kosovo Albanian musician ANDRRA reimagines traditional women’s songs through electronic music, exploring gender, migration, cultural memory, and diaspora identity
read articleGer Duijzings (Profesor socijalne antropologije s fokusom na jugoistočnu i istočnu Europu)
© Ger Duijzings, Tragovi rata u Hrvatskoj (1993) / Traces of the war in Croatia (1993).Rat u Ukrajini probudio je sjećanja na ratove u bivšoj Jugoslaviji; i u meni, jer sam bio u Jugoslaviji kad su počeli. U ožujku 2022., samo dvanaest dana nakon početka ruske invazije, primio sam telefonski poziv od Pavla, starog prijatelja iz davnih dana, kao da se duh iz prošlosti vratio da mi kaže: “Bok, rat se opet vratio!”. Pavle je iz Letnice, hrvatskog sela na Kosovu, koje je prije tridesetak godina prestalo postojati jer su stanovnici kolektivno odlučili napustiti svoje domove i pobjeći u Hrvatsku. Bio sam tada na terenskom istraživanju u Letnici, pa sam postao očevidac, ispričavši priču o ovom egzodusu i nedaćama stanovništva u tekstu koji je prvi put objavljen na hrvatskom jeziku 1995. Pavle je tražio moje dopuštenje da ga ponovno tiska: “Prošlo je trideset godina” – shvatio sam tek kad mi je rekao – “i svaka bi obitelj trebala imati primjerak tvoje kronike, da mlađe generacije ne zaborave”. Pozvao me je da dođem na proslavu. Slijedi moj kratki govor na proslavi obljetnice u Voćinu (Hrvatska) 5. studenog 2022.
Prije svega želim vam se puno zahvaliti što ste me pozvali na ovaj događaj. Velika mi je čast da govorim ovdje, iako je nakon 30 godina moje znanje jezika poprilično opalo. Početkom ožujka me je nazvao Pavle Matić, predsjednik Zajednice Kosovskih Hrvata ‘Letnica’, i ljubazno me zamolio da ponovo tiska moju kroniku o događajima u Letnici iz 1992. godine koju sam tada napisao (a koja je prvi put tiskana na hrvatskom jeziku 1995.). Njegov poziv je stigao samo dva tjedna nakon početka rata u Ukrajini i već me je u tom periodu, a da nisam to ni htio, sve podsjećalo na ono što sam doživio devedesetih. Bio je to za mene čudan i gotovo zastrašujući trenutak u kojem se prošlost vraća (doslovno kroz telefonski poziv dobrog prijatelja iz tog vremena) i prepliće sa sadašnjošću, čineći kao da se povijest ponavlja.
Nakon ove prve reakcije, bio sam vrlo počašćen što je Pavle želio ponovno objaviti ovaj tekst jer je smatrao da mlađa generacija treba znati što se dogodilo prije 30 godina i da svaka obitelj treba imati primjerak. Za mene kao antropologa nema većeg zadovoljstva kada znam da ono što sam tada stavio na papir, ljudi koji su izravno pogođeni, dakle ovdje prisutni, vide kao prilično točan prikaz događaja iz 1992. Moram priznati da sam tada uložio mnogo truda da napišem ovu kroniku jasno i pristupačno, kako bi je svako mogao razumjeti.
© Ger Duijzings, Naslovnica pretiskane kronike (2022)Sažeti ovu traumatičnu priču u nekoliko minuta je nemoguć zadatak, jer to ne bi bilo pravedno prema mnogim osobnim iskustvima. No, želio bih ipak naglasiti nekoliko stvari: da me, kao etnologa, prvenstveno zanima perspektiva jednostavnih ljudi, ‘malih ljudi’, koji u velikim pričama iz tog perioda obično nemaju veliku ulogu. Na samom početku devedesetih godina u Letnicu sam došao kao mladi istraživač, kako bih istraživao ovo poznato hodočasničko mjesto. Hodočašće je bilo ili je trebalo biti predmet mog terenskog istraživanja, ali sam se vrlo brzo suočio s posljedicama rata.
U ljeto 1992. stanovništvo je odlučilo izbjeći u Hrvatsku. Iako u to vrijeme na Kosovu nije bilo rata, ljudi su odlučili napustiti svoje domove i skloniti se u Hrvatsku, gdje su i danas. To je moje istraživanje gurnulo u drugi plan. Još se dobro sjećam kako ljudi nisu mogli razgovarati ni o čemu drugom osim o tom egzistencijalnom pitanju: treba li ostati ili se mora otići. To mi je postala najvažnija tema kojom sam se morao baviti. Tada su me, kao nekoga sa strane, često pitali za mišljenje. Također se dobro sjećam straha među stanovništvom kada su se ratovi u Hrvatskoj i Bosni počeli približavati i diktirati svakodnevicu.
Kad sam od travnja 1992. malo duže boravio u Letnici, stariji muškarci (poput mog domaćina) bili su prikovani uz svoje tranzistore, posebno kasno navečer kada su mogli slušati Radio Zagreb. Mnogi su mladići već bili pobjegli u Hrvatsku, prije svega oni koji još nisu odslužili vojni rok. Riskirali su biti poslani na front u Hrvatsku da se bore protiv svojih sunarodnjaka. Za vrijeme moje prve posjete, kolovoza 1991., većina mladića je već bila napustila selo. Strah se povećao kada su srpski nacionalisti počeli da prijete i dolaskom naoružanih Srba u selo. Srpske vlasti nisu učinile ništa da spriječe incidente. Muškarci iz sela počeli su se organizirati kako bi stražarili noću, imali su samo nekoliko lovačkih pušaka. Tada su počele kružiti lude glasine da su Srbi u susjednim selima do zuba naoružani i da ekstremisti planiraju masakr. Onda smo svi (uključujući i mene) raspravljali o mogućim rutama za bijeg kroz planine do Makedonije.
Ukratko, životom je brzo zavladao strah, pa se počelo ozbiljno govoriti o napuštanju sela. U proljeće se na seoskom trgu pojavio prvi kamion u koji su obitelji spakirale svoj namještaj i ostale stvari. Egzodus janjevačkog stanovništva pojačao je iseljeničku groznicu. Do kraja 1991. već je otišla polovica stanovnika druge hrvatske enklave na Kosovu. Na kraju je velika većina odlučila otići „prije nego što bude prekasno“ i iskoristiti priliku za evakuaciju u Hrvatsku. Ljudi su odlazili iz Skoplja preko Bugarske, Rumunjske i Mađarske. Gotovo svi su napustili svoje domove i imovinu, osim onih bogatih koji su si mogli priuštiti kamion. Već u svibnju 1992. u Hrvatsku su stigli prvi autobusi, a pola godine kasnije većina stanovništva je otišla. Kada sam posjetio Letnicu posljednji put, kolovoza 1994., ostalo je samo 20 domaćinstava.
© Ger Duijzings, Napuštena kuća u Letnici 1994. godineZatim sam u prosincu 1993. godine obišao sela u kojima su bile smještene izbjeglice. Novi dom privremeno su pronašli u nerazrušenim kućama izbjeglih Srba. Mnoge kuće nisu imale tekuću vodu, neke uopće nisu imale grijanje, a struja je često bila jedini luksuz. Većina izbjeglica nije bila sretna što su zauzeli tuđe domove i koristili se tuđim imetkom jer su i oni također pobjegli iz svojih domova. Jedna žena mi je kazala da joj se često usred noći činilo da čuje „glasove“ ili da čuje ljude koji kucaju na vrata i da su se prethodni stanari vratili. Vjerovalo se da zauzimanje tuđe kuće donosi nesreću.
Prve godine su bile jako teške. Imali su velike poteškoće u prilagodbi ovoj sredini i zato što nisu bili prihvaćeni od autohtonih Hrvata. Nije bilo poslova niti novca. Kasnije se situacija popravila, mislim da vam to ne trebam objašnjavati. Od 1995. svi su dobili hrvatsko državljanstvo, što je tada značilo uklanjanje formalnih zapreka integraciji u hrvatsko društvo. Unatoč tim poboljšanjima, i dalje je bilo teško živjeti u ovom prilično devastiranom dijelu Hrvatske – gdje ništa nije funkcioniralo i gdje se gospodarstvo moralo graditi ispočetka. Ipak, postojali su i neki pozitivni uvjeti u kojima je seoska zajednica sa Kosova ostala netaknuta, što je znatno ublažilo poteškoće povezane s egzodusom. Slično prirodno i kulturno / vjersko okruženje (sa sličnim mjestom marijanske pobožnosti naročito u Voćinu) također je bio pozitivan čimbenik koji se ne smije podcijeniti.
Pitao sam se tada, 1995. godine, koliko Hrvatska može postati prava domovina, može li postojati pravi novi “dom” kad se tako bolno gubi stari. Iako ne znam točno odgovor, vjerujem da ste se jako namučili da započnete novi život i da nakon 30 godina možete reći da ste “stigli”.
© Ger Duijzings, Proslava u Voćinu, 5. studenog 2022. godine.Čapo Žmegač, Jasna. 2007. Strangers either way. The lives of Croatian refugees in their new home. New York-Oxford: Berghahn Books
Duijzings, Ger . 1995. “Egzodus iz Letnice. Hrvatske izbjeglice sa Kosova u Zapadnoj Slavoniji. Kronika”. In: Narodna Umjetnost (Zagreb), 32 (2), pp.129-52.
Duijzings, Ger. 1996. “The exodus of Letnica. Croatian refugees from Kosovo in Western Slavonia. A chronicle”. In: Renata Jambrešić Kirin und Maja Povrzanović (eds.), War, exile, everyday life: cultural perspectives. Zagreb: Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research, pp. 147-70.
Žarković, Petar. 2022. Jedinstvena proslava sjećanja na dolazak u Voćin: Blagdan Bl. Antona Muzića i 30 godina od doseljenje s Kosova. In: Glas Slavonije, 6 November 2022 (press report of the commemoration).
Kosovo Albanian musician ANDRRA reimagines traditional women’s songs through electronic music, exploring gender, migration, cultural memory, and diaspora identity
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read articleOn April 12th, 2026, Péter Magyar and TISZA (‘Respect and Transformation’) won a landslide victory against the erstwhile preponderant FIDESZ (‘Civic Democratic Union’). This development marked the culmination of TISZA’s evolution from a ‘dark horse’ to a full-fledged party that put an end to Viktor Orbán’s consecutive 16 years in power. Several political commentators in Hungary and abroad have been debating a broad range of topics such as the ideological prerogatives of TISZA and whether/how they differ from those of FIDESZ, Péter Magyar as a ‘game-changer’, and the external ramifications that this watershed could exert on domestic politics across the ‘Visegrad Four’.
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read articleDie Frage, warum Rumänien trotz seiner demokratischen Mängel der Europäischen Union beitrat, kann durch den gezielten Einfluss der Europäischen Kommission begründet werden. Aus den Monitoringberichten und den Interwiew der ehemaligen Kommissionsmitglieder geht hervor, dass sie sich der Defizite bewusst waren und diese mit geopolitischen Überlegungen abwägten.
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read articleRückblickend haben wir wirklich allen Grund, stolz auf das zu sein, was wir in diesem Jahr erreicht haben. Das Jahr 2025 hat uns wertvolle Erfahrungen, neue Erkenntnisse und ein tieferes Verständnis dafür gebracht, wofür seeFField steht und warum unsere Arbeit wichtig ist.
read articleSo far this year, in Romania, 57 women have been killed as a result of intentional, gender-motivated violence. This blog argues that such cases are not isolated incidents but symptoms of deeper structural problems: institutional negligence, misogynistic and patriarchal societal norms, and a lack of effective preventive mechanisms and institutions.
read articleBesonders interessant ist die bislang kaum untersuchte Frage der Genderrollen: Wie wirken sich Proteste in einem autoritären, patriarchalen System aus, wenn sie von einer Gruppe getragen werden, in der laut UNESCO 32 % mehr Frauen als Männer studieren?
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read articleIm griechischen Teil Thrakiens sticht die geopolitische Relevanz der Region besonders ins Auge. Bereits kurz vor den Toren unserer ersten Station Alexandroupolis passierte unser Reisebus eine große Kaserne des griechischen Militärs. Die Gründe für die hohe Militärpräsenz in der Stadt und Umgebung ergeben sich einerseits aus der Grenznähe zur Türkei und andererseits aus dem für die NATO strategisch wichtigen Hafen.
read articlePublic space in Southeast Europe reflects deeply entrenched gendered and geopolitical hierarchies, where patriarchal and nationalist narratives dominate memory and shape urban landscapes. Women, queer communities, and minorities are largely excluded from public commemoration. However, feminist artists, activists, and grassroots movements are resisting this erasure through creative interventions such as performance, street art and activist cartography.
read articleFrom March 19 to 22, partners from our network met at the University of Prishtina to discuss some key issues affecting Area Studies: How can academia continue to fulfil its public mission by adapting to new media? How do we preserve linguistic diversity in the age of AI?
read articleAt the end of 2024, tragedy shook Serbia - 16 people lost their lives due to the fall of a canopy at the newly renovated railway station in Novi Sad, once again drawing attention to the state's negligence for its own citizens and the consequences of galloping corruption. The grief quickly turned into one of the largest civil uprisings in Serbia's recent history.
read articleThe Southeast European Studies (SEES) Student Symposium was initiated by students from the universities of Graz, Regensburg, and Jena. The main goal of the symposium is to provide an opportunity for networking among students and graduates who are interested in Southeast European Studies.
read articleMasakra e Tivarit ishte një ngjarje tragjike gjatë muajve të fundit të Luftës së Dytë Botërore, kur Partizanët Jugosllavë detyruan mijëra burra shqiptarë nga Kosova të marshonin drejt Tivarit (Bar, Mali i Zi), me pretekstin e rekrutimit ushtarak. Pasi mbërritën, shumë prej tyre u ekzekutuan në vrasje masive.
read articleTwo taxi drivers, two worlds—yet one powerful student movement calling out corruption across Serbia. Fed up with broken promises and a collapsed train station canopy, these young activists want transparency, justice, and better universities. Ready to discover how they’re uniting a divided society?
read articleDer Artikel untersucht die Sprachbiographie von Michaela Kaniber, der Bayerischen Staatsministerin für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft, Forsten und Tourismus. Die Studie basiert auf einem Interview, das im November 2023 geführt wurde.
read articleWie sieht die Zukunft eines Landes aus, das jahrzehntelang isoliert war und nun zum aufstrebenden Geheimtipp für Reisende avanciert? Erleben Sie in diesem Beitrag, wie sich Albanien vom einst isolierten Land zu einem aufstrebenden Reiseziel wandelt.
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read articleThis essay tries to make (anthropological) sense of a new and remarkable proposal that the Prime Minister of Albania, Edi Rama, came up with recently: to create a new sovereign religious statelet within Albania. How can we anthropologically interpret the emergence of this initiative and the changes it underwent over time, perhaps even leading to it being stalled without ever being implemented?
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read articleDaniel Stoyanov, aka Bulgarian Cartrader, is a rising star on the indiepop scene in Germany. Born in Bulgaria in 1986, he grew up in Germany since he was four. The text provides insights into his two key passions, music and cars. Following in his father's footsteps, he developed a liking for cars when he was young. As for his music, Bulgarian Cartrader has an exceptional talent for combining contemporary genres. His texts are autobiographical, reflecting, amongst other things, on his Bulgarian roots. Ger Duijzings has been intrigued by his alter-ego, exploring Daniel's life and music.
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read articleHaving claimed more than 22,000 casualties, the memory of the Homeland War still looms large in the social and political landscape almost 25 years later. One issue of particular concern has to do with the branitelji, or ‘defenders’ – those citizens who are officially recognised as having fought for the Croatian armed forces in that conflict.
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read articleGlobale Verständigung ist ein Kunststück – vor allem dann, wenn Wörter zwar gleich aussehen, aber in jeder Region ihre eigene Bedeutung haben. So meinen die politischen Begriffe Rechts und Links in Lateinamerika nicht dasselbe wie in Südosteuropa. Die Missverständnisse, die sich daraus ergeben, haben historische Ursachen, die bis in die Kolonialzeit zurückgehen...
read articleIn contrast to the persecution of Jews during the Second World War, that of Roma was not as well-organised and prepared, nor as systematic. Rather, while Roma faced constant discrimination, their erasure...
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read articleIn Romania, plastic waste is highly visible and engenders various reactions, from indifference to debate and action. In April 2021, Mara (woman, cultural journalist, mid-thirties), posted on Facebook a photo ...
read articleEin Schrottauto fährt los auf einer holprigen Straße in den Bergen und gleich läuft dem Fahrer auch noch ein Esel entgegen. Dazu Musik von Blechbläsern und feurige Rhythmen...
read articleHistorians of corruption claim that, although direct lessons cannot be derived from the past, the phenomenon of corruption can be better understood if we study it historically. On the one hand, today's activities regarded as corrupt were not specific to countries seen as corrupt. On the other hand, successful anticorruption is a historical, protracted process determined by a multitude of factors in a particular historical configuration.
read articleOrganizacije poput Francuske alijanse Osijek i Cercle francais d'Osijek doprinijele su promicanju francuskog jezika i kulture, te su postale važna mjesta za okupljanje francuskih državljana i lokalnog stanovništva zainteresiranog za francuski jezik i kulturu.
read articleSince the Kosovo War ended on June 10th, 1999, the international community has allocated an extensive amount of official development assistance (ODA) to transform Kosovo from a territory with minimal critical infrastructure into...
read articleKasëm Trebeshina war ein albanischer Autor, Dissident und politischer Gegner von Enver Hoxha. Trotz seines eigenen kommunistischen Hintergrundes hatte er ein Problem mit der nationalen Zensurpolitik unter dem kommunistischen Regime und schrieb ein Memorandum an Hoxha, für das er verhaftet...
read articleRomania. The country, which has been a member of the European Union since 2007, usually receives little attention in the western media. However, since the start of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine...
read articleMemory wars in Croatia are often triggered by the presence of the World War Two „Ready for the Homeland“ (Za dom spremni) Ustaša salute, from its use by right-wing politicians and war veterans...
read articleThe Southeast European Studies (SEES) Student Symposium originated as an initiative by students from the universities of Graz, Jena and Regensburg. It aimed at providing an opportunity for networking among SEES students...
read articleKy punim është pjesë e monografisë sime “Censura e letërsisë së përkthyer në Shqipërinë totalitare: rasti Robinson Kruzo”,...
read articleAls Ehefrau des albanischen Diktators Enver Hoxha bleibt Nexhmije Hoxha in der Forschung häufig unbeachtet. Dennoch verfügte sie über eine einflussreiche Stellung...
read articleIn November 2002, the city of Belgrade announced a sculptural design competition for a memorial dedicated to the ‘fallen fighters and victims’ of the Yugoslav wars during the 1990s. In response to this, a group of artists...
read articleSanja Iveković ist eine Künstlerin die seit den 70ern für ihre - damals wie heute - neuartige und provokante Kunst bekannt ist: Neuartig im Einsatz verschiedenster Medien und provokant vor allem durch ihre Themen. Sie polarisierte weltweit mit Werken zu...
read articleThe fight against corruption ‘adorns’, as we know, the project of European integration. But in the current context of multiple crises, it may lose some of its urgency, especially when corruption helps to ‘save the day’...
read articleZwischen 2018 und 2020 wurde eine Gruppe von sechs rumänischen Bauarbeitern aus der Region Botoșani, sowie ihre Angehörigen, im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit über mehrere Monate bei ihrem Versuch...
read articleWestliche Musik und Kultur, soziale Medien und amerikanische Filme – die serbische Jugend scheint der kyrillischen Schrift den Rücken gekehrt zu haben. Möchte man den Schlagzeilen der serbischen Boulevardpresse...
read articleDuring the summer term 2022, students of the University of Regensburg had the opportunity to take part in a week- long excursion to Serbia. They visited the capital...
read articlePressefreiheit gilt als einer der zentralen Indikatoren für eine demokratische Gesellschaft. Aus gutem Grund, unabhängige Berichterstattung über...
read articleDie Stadt Belgrad ist bunt. Es liegt der Geruch von Farbe in der Luft und selbst dem ungeschulten Auge wird schnell deutlich, dass es kaum eine Hauswand gibt, die in ihrem Originalzustand belassen wurde...
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